基于线性元的电阻抗成像的数学模型和算法

本文讨论了电阻抗成像的数学模型，先利用有限元方法将其离散化，再把它转化为非线性优化问题，并给出了利用牛顿法求解这一问题的具体算法．最后进行了一系列数值仿真对比实验，证实了这一算法的有效性，指出了其中存在的问题．     

Radar Imaging Based on Iterative Algorithms

It has long been realized that the problem of radar imaging is a special case of image reconstruction in which the data are incomplete and noisy. In other fields, iterative reconstruction algorithms have been used successfully to improve the image quality. This paper studies the application of iterative algorithms in radar imaging. A discrete model is first derived, and the iterative algorithms are then adapted to radar imaging. Although such algorithms are usually time consuming, this paper shows that, if the algorithms are appropriately simplified, it is possible to realize them even in real time. The efficiency of iterative algorithms is shown through computer simulations.     

A non-commutative time-frequency tomography

The characterization of non-stationary signal requires joint time and frequency information. However, time and frequency are a pair of non-commuting variables that cannot constitute a joint probability density in the time-frequency plane. The time-frequency distributions have difficult interpretation problems arising from negative and complex values or spurious components. In this paper, we get time-frequency information from the marginal distributions in rotated directions in the time-frequency plane. The rigorous probability interpretation of the marginal distributions is without any ambiguities. This time-frequency transformation is similar to the computerized axial tomography (CT or CAT) and is applied to signal analysis and signal detection and reveals a lot of advantages especially in the signal detection of the low signal/noise (S/N).     

基于电阻率层析扫描的水下抛石体内部空洞探测

为提高水下抛石体的识别精度,构建了预留有内部空洞的抛石体物理模型与电阻率层析扫描模型研究电阻率层析扫描技术在水下抛石体内部空洞探测中的成像效果,并与传统克里金插值法效果进行了对比。结果表明:电阻率层析扫描可以有效识别水下抛石体中的空洞,并且在刺激源数量为6时电阻率层析扫描模型模拟精度达到较高值;电阻率层析扫描技术在通道纵剖面上的识别能力要远高于传统克里金插值法;将数值模拟结果中电导率大于300.μS/cm的区域视为空洞区,整体反演结果略大于真实值,在 x、y、z 3个方向上的偏差分别为2.73、1.75、6.95.cm;基于反演结果对电阻率层析扫描模型进行正演,正演结果与实测数据的拟合度超过0.95,证明了电阻率层析扫描模型反演的准确性。     

单光子发射断层成像散射解析模型的快速算法

为校正单光子发射断层成像(SPECT)中Compton散射的影响,对投影过程进行了解析建模计算。对相机参数进行预计算形成查找表,结合初始放射源活度和散射媒质分布计算得到投影中的原发光子和一次散射光子分布。用数论方法计算查找表中的高维数值积分,使计算速度提高。分别用解析建模方法和Monte-Carlo程序对均匀模型和胸腔模型进行投影计算,比较其相对误差、归一化方差和计算时间。结果表明:解析建模方法的精度与Monte-Carlo方法相当,而计算速度快8倍,可以满足临床需求。     

电容层析成像系统重建图像质量评价方法探讨

提出了使用多参数即图像形心点空间位置误差和面积误差的方法，在仿真环境下对电容层析成像系统的重建图像质量进行评价，给出了图像形心点空间位置误差的计算模型．仿真结果表明，该法比目前常用的单参数评价重建的图像质量更科学合理．     

采用最优频率匹配法处理信号

通过比较目前进行声波CT信号信噪分离所使用的许多方法及特点,指出了快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的局限性,研究了周期性问题的数值计算特点;采用最优化理论分析了信号本身各种频率成分优化搜索与计算的可能性,在此基础上提出最优匹配频率的概念和计算方法,研究了最优频率匹配法计算结果的规律性,并将该方法应用于某矿区声波CT信号特征参数的提取和信噪分离.     

从平行束投影探测断面内边缘的小波方法

运用小波分析方法，从平行束射线投影探测断面内边缘。可应用于计算机断层摄影术，以降低噪声和减少投影点。     

An improved iterative reconstruction algorithm for traveltime tomography

Traveltime tomography is a technique to reconstruct acoustic, seismic, or electromagnetic wave-speed distributions from first arrival traveltime data. The ray paths that should be used for tomographic techniques strongly depend on the wave-speed distribution. In this paper, a new method is proposed for finding out the ray paths from Fermat's principle, that means the traveltime of the ray path should be a minimum value. The problem of finding out the ray path is actually an optimum problem. Our new method uses the idea to find out the shortest path in a weighted directed graph to solve the problem. The ray paths found out by this method are used in the iterative reconstruction algorithm. Computer simulation result produced by this reconstruction algorithm is better than that by the conventional ones. It also shows that the new algorithm is effective with good convergency and stability. Ma Ning: born in Nov. 1970, Ph. D. graduate student. Current research Interest is in computer signal processing Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Reconstruction algorithm of computerized ionospheric tomography

Applying the technique of computer tomography to ionosphere detection, Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT) can produce the large scale distribution of electron density in a two dimentional longitudinal section of ionosphere. According to the actual detecting condition of sparse receiver and limited projecting angle, polynomial interpolation method and projecting angle expansion method are proposed. A new energy function is formulated according to the constraint of least neighbourhood error. Simulated annealing is incorporated in the iteration of ART to get the global minimum of energy function. Sun Xiaon; born in May 1968, Ph. D. Current research interest is in computer graphics & Image processing Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China